![]() ![]() Ultimately, the Old Malay language became a lingua franca and was spoken widely by most people in the archipelago. Trade contacts carried on by various ethnic peoples at the time were the main vehicle for spreading the Old Malay language, which was the main communications medium among the traders. It was the working language of traders and it was used in various ports, and marketplaces in the region. Old Malay as lingua franca For centuries, Srivijaya, through its expansion, economic power and military prowess, was responsible for the widespread of Old Malay throughout the Malay Archipelago. Since the 7th century, the Old Malay language has been used in Nusantara (archipelago) (Indonesian archipelago), evidenced by Srivijaya inscriptions and by other inscriptions from coastal areas of the archipelago, such as Sojomerto inscription. The Kedukan Bukit Inscription is the oldest surviving specimen of Old Malay, the language used by Srivijayan empire. It might be attributed to its ancestor, the Old Malay language (which can be traced back to the 7th century). Originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra, Malay has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for half a millennium. Classical Malay had emerged as a literary language in the royal courts along both shores of the Strait of Malacca, including the Johor Sultanate and Malacca Sultanate. Standard Indonesian is a standard language of "Riau Malay", which despite its common name is not based on the vernacular Malay dialects of the Riau Islands, but rather represents a form of Classical Malay as used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Kedukan Bukit Inscription, written in Pallava script, is the oldest surviving specimen of the Old Malay language. The text reads (Voorhoeve's spelling): "haku manangis ma / njaru ka'u ka'u di / saru tijada da / tang ", which is translated by Voorhoeve as: "I am weeping, calling you though called, you do not come" (in modern Malay "Aku menangis, menyerukan engkau, kaudiseru, tiada datang "). History Early kingdoms era Rencong alphabet, native writing systems found in central and South Sumatra. Indonesians generally may not recognize the name Bahasa alone when it refers to their national language. For example, Korean language is translated as bahasa Korea, and the same applies to other languages, such as bahasa Inggris (English), bahasa Jepang (Japanese), bahasa Arab (Arabic), bahasa Italia (Italian), and so on. Bahasa Indonesia is sometimes reduced to Bahasa, which refers to the Indonesian subject ( Bahasa Indonesia) taught in schools, on the assumption that this is the name of the language. The Indonesian name for the language ( bahasa Indonesia) is also occasionally used in English and other languages. Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties, which are commonly used for daily communication, coexisting with the aforementioned regional languages. However, in a looser sense, it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The term Indonesian is primarily associated with the national standard dialect ( bahasa baku). It has the status of a working language under the country's constitution along with English. ![]() ![]() ![]() Under Indonesian rule from 1976 to 1999, Indonesian was designated as the official language of Timor Leste. However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages examples include Javanese and Sundanese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. Many borrowed words have been adapted to fit the phonetic and grammatical rules of Indonesian. Indonesian vocabulary has been influenced by various languages, including Javanese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Banjarese, Arabic, Dutch, and English. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesian ( bahasa Indonesia ) is the official and national language of Indonesia. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Countries where Indonesian is a minority language ![]()
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